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1.
Femina ; 51(6): 380-384, 20230630. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512430

ABSTRACT

Transgênero (trans) é um termo que alberga toda a diversidade de gênero. A incongruência de gênero faz parte desse espectro e refere-se à pessoa cuja identidade de gênero é oposta ao sexo que lhe foi atribuído no nascimento. A terapia hormonal de afirmação de gênero, bem como a cirurgia de afirmação de gênero, é necessária para adequar o corpo ao gênero ao qual a pessoa se identifica. Os homens trans necessitam da terapia com testosterona, que visa reduzir as concentrações de estradiol e incrementar a testosterona circulante para níveis fisiológicos masculinos, resultando em masculinização. A mulher trans receberá o estradiol, associado ou não a um antiandrogênico, visando reduzir a testosterona e incrementar o estrogênio para níveis femininos, resultando em feminização. A cirurgia de afirmação de gênero é, frequentemente, requerida para completar as modificações fenotípicas para o homem e a mulher trans. O ginecologista e obstetra tem um papel crucial no provimento de cuidados a essa população. O presente artigo visa sistematizar algumas ações que o ginecologista e obstetra pode oferecer e que têm potencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos homens e mulheres trans. (AU)


Transgenero (trans) is an umbrella term that encompasses all gender diversity. Gender Incongruity is part of this spectrum and refers to the person whose gender identity is opposed to the sex assigned to them at birth. Gender-affirming hormone therapy as well as gender-affirming surgery are necessary to adapt the body to the gender to which the person identifies. Trans men require testosterone therapy to reduce estradiol concentrations and increase circulating testosterone to male physiological levels resulting in masculinization. Trans women will receive estradiol associated or not with an antiandrogenic to reduce testosterone and increase estrogen to female levels resulting in feminization. gender-affirming surgery is often required to complete phenotypic modifications for trans men and women. The gynecologist and obstetrician plays a crucial role in to provide care to this population. This article aims to systematize some actions that the gynecologist and obstetrician can offer to improve the quality of life of trans men and women. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Delivery of Health Care/ethics , Gynecology , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Testosterone/administration & dosage , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Contraception , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Estrogens/administration & dosage , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Gynecologists , Obstetricians
2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1370822

ABSTRACT

O antígeno prostático específico (PSA) é o marcador mais importante para a detecção e monitoramento do câncer de próstata. Objetivo: O estudo objetivou analisar os dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos do antígeno prostático específico de pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Clínico do Hospital do Policial Militar de Goiânia-GO (LC/HPM), considerando as medidas preventivas em relação ao câncer de próstata. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise de 1.249 prontuários de usuários do LC/HPM. O levantamento de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos, como idade, resultados do PSA total e PSA livre foi realizado por meio de um formulário padronizado pelos pesquisadores. Foram analisados 1.249 exames de PSA L/T, dos quais 58 (4,6%) apresentaram PSA total com resultados entre 4,0 e 10,0 ng/mL e 16 (1,3%) apresentaram concomitantemente valores de PSA total entre 4,0 e 10,0 ng/mL e relação PSA L/T < 25%. Os pacientes apresentaram faixa etária entre 34 e 93 anos, sendo a média 60 anos. Tornou-se evidente que tanto no ano de 2018 quanto em 2019, realizou-se um número maior de exames de PSA L/T, em comparação ao ano de 2020. O estudo revelou que 16 (1,3%) pacientes apresentaram risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de neoplasia prostática, sendo observada uma diminuição do número de indivíduos que procuraram o LC/HPM para realização de exames de PSA livre e total no ano de 2020, quando comparado aos anos de 2019 e 2018, possivelmente em razão da pandemia de Covid-19, uma tendência global


Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important marker for the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. This study aimed to analyse the epidemiological and laboratory data of prostate-specific antigen of patients treated at the Clinical Laboratory of the Military Police Hospital at Goiânia-GO (CL/MPH), considering preventive measures in relation to prostate cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective study with analysis of 1,249 medical records of CL/MPH users. The collection of epidemiological and laboratory data, such as age, total PSA and free PSA results, was performed using a form standardized by the researchers. We analyzed 1,249 PSA T/F tests, and of these, of which 58 (4.6%) total PSA sink with results between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and 16 (1.3%) were concomitantly presenting total PSA values between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and PSA T/F < 25%. The patients were aged between 34 and 93 years, with a mean age of 59 years. It became evident that both in 2018 and in 2019, there were a greater number of PSA T/F exams, compared to 2020. This study revealed that 16 (1.3%) patients were at increased risk for the development of prostate cancer, with a decrease in the number of individuals who sought the CL/MPH for free and total PSA tests in 2020, compared to 2019 and 2018, possibly due to Covid-19 pandemic, a global trend


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Hospitals, Military
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 32: 32503, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427351

ABSTRACT

A vigilância ativa é a solução encontrada pela urologia para a condução de tumores prostáticos com características de pouca agressividade. Desenvolvida especialmente após as polêmicas que envolveram a validade do rastreamento, essa abordagem vem sendo consolidada como a melhor maneira de se evitar o tratamento desnecessário do câncer de próstata e precisa ser compreendida por todos os médicos que lidam com a saúde do homem.


Active surveillance is the solution found by urology to deal with low-aggressivity prostate tumours. Having been developed following controversies over screening strategies, this has been considered the best approach to avoid unnecessary treatment of prostate cancer and such a concept needs to be well understood by every medical doctor who deals with men's health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Men's Health , Watchful Waiting/methods , Prostatic Diseases/diagnosis , Urology , Preventive Medicine , Health Strategies
4.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 29(1): 4-11, Ene-Mar 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1283805

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el cáncer es una de las primeras causas de muerte mundial; en 2012 representó 8.2 millones de muertes. En México, a pesar de que la incidencia de cáncer de próstata es tres veces menor que lo observado en Estados Unidos, la mortalidad por esta causa es prácticamente igual (11.3 vs 9.8 muertes por cada 100,000 hombres) y representa la primera causa de cáncer y mortalidad por cáncer en hombres, por lo que es de vital importancia la prevención y para ello se debe promover el conocimiento de esta afección. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la prevención del cáncer de próstata en hombres de 40 a 65 años de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 51. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado (alfa de Cronbach de 0.8) sobre las medidas preventivas del cáncer prostático a 204 derechohabientes masculinos de la unidad. Resultados: el grado de conocimientos sobre la prevención del cáncer de próstata es bajo en el 66% de los casos, me- dio en el 31% y alto en el 3%; el 78.9% de los participantes corresponde a casados, el 51.5% tiene grado de estudios de preparatoria o superior y el 47.1% es obrero. Conclusiones: el bajo grado de conocimientos en la prevención del cáncer prostático muestra un área de oportunidad de mejorar si se difunde a edades tempranas.


Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide; in 2012, 8.2 million deaths were attributed to it. In Mexico, despite the fact that the incidence of prostate cancer is three times lower than that observed in the United States, mortality from this cause is practically the same (11.3 vs. 9.8 deaths per 100 000 men) and represents the first cause of cancer and cancer mortality in men, which is why prevention is of vital importance, and for this, knowledge about the pathology must be promoted. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge about the pre- vention of prostate cancer in men between 40 and 65 years from the Family Medicine Unit No. 51. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha of 0.8) on preventive measures of prostate cancer was applied to 204 male beneficiaries from the aforementioned unit. Results: The level of knowledge about the prevention of prostate cancer is low in 66% of the cases, medium in 31% and high in 3%; 78.9% are married, 51.5% have a high school education level or higher and 47.1% are workers. Conclusions: The low level of knowledge of prostate cancer prevention shows an area of opportunity for improvement with a greater emphasis on early ages.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Preventive Health Services , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2021. 174 p. ilus., tab..
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1371608

ABSTRACT

A prostatectomia radical pode causar efeitos urinários indesejáveis como incontinência urinária, noctúria, urgência miccional, frequência e esvaziamento incompleto da bexiga. Disfunções miccionais acarretam sentimentos e vivência de exclusão social e, consequente diminuição na qualidade de vida. Para casos de incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical é indicada a realização do treinamento muscular do soalho pélvico como primeira escolha para auxiliar no mecanismo de fechamento uretral. Dentre as práticas integrativas e complementares que têm contribuições na área da saúde, pode-se citar a acupuntura auricular. Esta baseia-se na estimulação de acupontos no pavilhão auricular para aliviar sinais e sintomas de diversas condições, dentre elas, os sintomas do trato urinário inferior. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da acupuntura auricular associada ao treinamento muscular do soalho pélvico na incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado baseado nas recomendações do Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials e Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture. Os dados foram coletados entre abril de 2019 e abril de 2020. A amostra foi constituída por 60 homens com incontinência urinária após retirada do cateter vesical de demora, alocados em dois grupos: controle (n=30) que recebeu orientações sobre treinamento muscular do soalho pélvico; e intervenção (n=30) que recebeu acupuntura auricular associada às orientações sobre treinamento muscular do soalho pélvico. As orientações sobre treinamento muscular ocorreram durante oito sessões presenciais semanais associadas à entrega de um livreto que auxiliava a continuidade dos exercícios em domicílio. Para o grupo intervenção, a acupuntura auricular também foi ofertada em oito sessões semanais. A avaliação ocorreu em dois momentos: antes de qualquer tratamento (pré-teste) e após oito semanas de acompanhamento (9ª sessão ­ pós-teste). Foram utilizados os instrumentos questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, daily pad used, pad test de uma hora, escala de incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) e King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). O modelo longitudinal, com o uso das equações de estimações generalizadas e teste de diferença de proporções, foi empregado na análise estatística. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados: a gravidade da incontinência urinária diminuiu entre o pré-teste e pós-teste no grupo intervenção e, também, no grupo controle sem diferenças estatísticas na evolução entre os dois grupos. Em relação ao impacto da incontinência na qualidade de vida, identificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos no pós-teste ao nível do domínio "medidas de gravidade" (p=0,013), o que indicou menor impacto da IU para este domínio apenas no grupo intervenção. Na análise da frequência dos itens deste domínio, detectou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos no pós-teste para o item "troca suas roupas íntimas quando elas estão molhadas" (p=0,018). Evidenciou-se também que o grupo intervenção teve, respectivamente, 20,8% (p=0,007) e 25,3% (p=0,002) menos chance de apresentar noctúria e urgência miccional. Verificou-se também redução estatisticamente significativa no impacto da incontinência na qualidade de vida nos domínios "emoções" (p<0,001) e "sono e disposição" (p=0,008) no grupo intervenção. Conclusão: a AA não mostrou-se efetiva para potencializar a ação do treinamento muscular na redução da gravidade da incontinência urinária. Por outro lado, quanto ao impacto da incontinência urinária na qualidade vida, a associação da acupuntura auricular ao treinamento mostrou-se mais efetiva, principalmente pela diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos no pós-teste para o domínio "medidas de gravidade", bem como pela redução da chance dos sintomas de noctúria e urgência miccional. Frente a esses achados, recomenda-se a associação das terapias como um cuidado efetivo aos homens com incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-3jm5y2.


Radical prostatectomy can cause undesirable urinary effects such as urinary incontinence, nocturia, urinary urgency, frequency and incomplete emptying of the bladder. Voiding dysfunctions cause feelings and experience of social exclusion and, consequently, decrease in quality of life. For cases of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy, muscle training of the pelvic floor is indicated as the first choice to assist in the urethral closure mechanism. Among the integrative and complementary practices that have contributions in the health area, we can mention auricular acupuncture. This is based on the stimulation of acupoints in the ear to relieve signs and symptoms of several conditions, including lower urinary tract symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture associated with pelvic floor muscle training in urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. This is a randomized clinical trial based on the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture. Data were collected between April 2019 and April 2020. The sample consisted of 60 men with urinary incontinence after removal of the indwelling bladder catheter, allocated into two groups: control (n = 30) who received guidance on floor muscle training pelvic; and intervention (n = 30) that received auricular acupuncture associated with guidelines on muscle training of the pelvic floor. The guidelines on muscle training took place during eight weekly face-to-face sessions associated with the delivery of a booklet that helped to continue the exercises at home. For the intervention group, auricular acupuncture was also offered in eight weekly sessions. The evaluation took place in two moments: before any treatment (pre-test) and after eight weeks of follow-up (9th session - post-test). The socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, daily pad used, one-hour pad test, urinary incontinence scale after radical prostatectomy, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used. The longitudinal model, using generalized estimation equations and proportional difference test, was used in the statistical analysis. The level of significance adopted was 0.05. Results: the severity of urinary incontinence decreased between the pre-test and post-test in the intervention group and also in the control group without statistical differences in the evolution between the two groups. Regarding the impact of incontinence on quality of life, a statistically significant difference was identified between the groups in the post-test at the level of the "severity measures" domain (p = 0.013), which indicated a lower impact of UI for this domain only in the intervention group. In the analysis of the frequency of the items in this domain, a statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in the post-test for the item "change your underwear when they are wet" (p = 0.018). It was also evident that the intervention group had, respectively, 20.8% (p = 0.007) and 25.3% (p = 0.002) less chance of presenting nocturia and urinary urgency. There was also a statistically significant reduction in the impact of incontinence on quality of life in the domains "emotions" (p <0.001) and "sleep and mood" (p = 0.008) in the intervention group. Conclusion: AA was not effective in potentiating the action of muscle training in reducing the severity of urinary incontinence. On the other hand, regarding the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life, the association of ear acupuncture with training proved to be more effective, mainly due to the statistically significant difference between the groups in the post-test for the "severity measures" domain, as well as by reducing the chance of nocturia symptoms and urinary urgency. In view of these findings, the association of therapies as an effective care for men with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy is recommended. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-3jm5y2.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Urinary Incontinence , Acupuncture, Ear , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms , Prostatectomy/nursing , Behavior Therapy , Pelvic Floor Disorders/rehabilitation
6.
Frontiers of Medicine ; (4): 11-32, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880942

ABSTRACT

The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Bacteria , Dysbiosis , Microbiota , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
7.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 49(1): e434, ene.-mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126682

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Según la Organización Panamericana de Salud, la incidencia de cáncer va en aumento. Entre los cánceres más prevalentes en Antioquia (Colombia), se destacan el de pulmón, colorrectal, mama, próstata y estómago. Objetivo: Describir los cambios en el estilo de vida, de las personas que presentan recurrencia o un segundo diagnóstico de cáncer. Métodos: Se estudiaron datos sociodemográficos, tipo de cáncer, tanto primario como secundario, antecedentes personales y familiares, cambios en actividad física, horas de sueño, consumo de cigarrillo y licor. Resultados: El primer diagnóstico de "otros tipos de cáncer" fue el más común. El antecedente más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial, en casi 50 por ciento de los sujetos. Tras un primer diagnóstico de cáncer, tanto la práctica de actividad física, como el hábito de fumar y el consumo de alcohol, se redujeron de manera notoria en ambos sexos. En relación a la presencia de cáncer y los hábitos poco saludables, 28,1 por ciento de los hombres que reportaron ser fumadores, presentaron cáncer de próstata, donde el 25,8 por ciento tomaba licor. Conclusiones: Se observaron cambios destacados en los estilos de vida, en lo relacionado con el hábito de fumar, el cual disminuyó, al igual que el consumo de licor. Como aspecto negativo se observa la reducción en la práctica de actividad física y las horas dedicadas al sueño(AU)


Introduction: According to the Pan American Health Organization, the incidence of cancer is increasing. Among the most prevalent cancers in Antioquia (Colombia), there are lung, colorectal, breast, prostate and stomach. Objective: Describe the changes in lifestyle of people who have recurrence or a second diagnosis of cancer. Methods: Sociodemographic data, type of cancer, both primary and secondary, personal and family history, changes in physical activity, sleep hours, cigarette consumption and liquor were studied. Results: The first diagnosis of "other types of cancer" was the most common. Arterial hypertension was reported in almost 50 percent of the subjects. After a first diagnosis of cancer, both the practice of physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, were significantly reduced in both sexes. In relation to the presence of cancer and unhealthy habits, 28.1 percent of the men who reported being smokers had prostate cancer, where 25.8 percent consumed liquor. Conclusions: Notable changes in lifestyle were observed, in relation to the decrease in smoking, as well as the consumption of liquor. The negative aspect is the reduction in the practice of physical activity and the hours dedicated to sleep(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Survivors/psychology , Life Style/ethnology , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies
8.
Salud colect ; 16: e2176, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094443

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y analizar los sentidos atribuidos por hombres a las prácticas relacionadas con la prevención del cáncer de próstata. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas, en el que participaron 21 hombres del municipio de Vitória da Conquista, Bahía. El período de recopilación de información fue entre julio y agosto de 2017. El análisis de los datos se basó en los principios de la hermenéutica-dialéctica. Se percibió que las prácticas relacionadas con la prevención del cáncer de próstata se elaboran con escasa información y permeadas por sentidos que remiten al miedo a la enfermedad, asumida como una sentencia a la vida, y a las repercusiones del tacto rectal, asimilado como una violación de la condición masculina. Se constató que las prácticas elaboradas para prevenir el cáncer de próstata reflejan las implicancias de la masculinidad en el cuidado de la salud de los hombres y, sobre todo, que la dureza masculina puede sentirse interpelada a partir de un tacto.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify and analyze meanings attributed to practices related to prostate cancer prevention among men. A qualitative methodology was employed, with semi-structured interviews being conducted with 21 men in the city of Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, between July and August of 2017. Data analysis was based on a dialectical hermeneutic approach. We found that practices related to prostate cancer prevention were based on scarce information and permeated by a sense of fear of the disease, which was thought of as a death sentence. Additionally, these feelings were compounded by the repercussions of rectal examination, perceived as a violation of one's masculinity. We were able to observe that practices devised to prevent prostate cancer reflect the repercussions of conceptions of masculinity regarding men's health care, where manliness and toughness can be susceptible by the touch.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology , Touch , Digital Rectal Examination/psychology , Masculinity , Brazil , Qualitative Research , Fear , Hermeneutics
10.
Guatemala; MSPAS, Departamento de Epidemiología; oct. 2018. 57 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025321

ABSTRACT

Estos protocolos están dirigido a personal médico, paramédico y otros profesionales que realizan acciones gerenciales y operativas de vigilancia epidemiológica en los servicios de salud del país, y están divididos en varios tomos para dar a conocer y actualizar la identificación y medidas de control para diversos padecimientos a fin de continuar con el mejoramiento de las capacidades técnicas de los trabajadores de salud, que permita planificar la prestación de servicios con decisiones partiendo de un enfoque epidemiológico comprobado, para responder a los cambios de tendencias epidemiológicas y con ello contribuir al fortalecimiento de prácticas asertivas de la salud pública de nuestro país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Stroke/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Hypertension/prevention & control , Lung Diseases/prevention & control , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Schizophrenia/prevention & control , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Bipolar Disorder/prevention & control , Dementia, Vascular/prevention & control , Depressive Disorder/prevention & control , Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control , Epidemiological Monitoring , Guatemala , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
11.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 70(2): 49-64, maio/ago. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-980011

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho buscou identificar as principais crenças de homens acerca do Exame do Toque Retal (ETR), comparando as respostas de homens que o fizeram (G1) e dos que ainda não o fizeram (G2). Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, além da técnica de evocação de palavras. No G1, as evocações relacionadas à suscetibilidade, gravidade e benefícios do exame foram mais enfatizadas. Já no G2, destacaram-se as crenças voltadas à suscetibilidade e aos benefícios de realizar o exame. Os dados encontrados sugerem que fazer o ETR pode reforçar alguns estereótipos em relação aos aspectos negativos do exame, porém não anula os aspectos positivos. Deve-se levar em consideração a relação paciente-profissional, bem como a condução do profissional durante a realização do ETR, já que barreiras podem estar sendo reforçadas nessa situação. Enfim, aponta-se para a necessidade de trabalhar a temática da busca pelo ETR não só com a população-alvo, mas também com os profissionais de saúde


This study aimed to identify the main male beliefs about the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) comparing the responses of men who did the exam (G1) and those who did not (G2). We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and clinical variables, as well as free evocations. G1 showed evocations related to the susceptibility, severity, and beliefs associated with the benefits of the exam. Among G2, beliefs about susceptibility and benefits of screening were also highlighted. The results suggest that doing DRE may reinforce some stereotypes regarding negative aspects of the examination, but they do not cancel its positive aspects at all. It is necessary to take care of the patient-professional relationship and the professional's conduct during DRE, since barriers might be strengthened in that situation. Finally, we believe it is important to clarify the perception of searching for DRE not only with the target population, but also with health professionals


Este trabajo buscó identificar las principales creencias de hombres acerca del Examen del Toque Retal (ETR), comparando las respuestas de hombres que lo hicieron (G1) y de los que aún no lo hicieron (G2). Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, además de la técnica de evocación de palabras. En el G1, las evocaciones relacionadas con la susceptibilidad, gravedad y beneficios del examen, fueron más enfatizadas. En el G2, se destacaron las creencias volcadas a la susceptibilidad y a los beneficios de realizar el examen. Los datos encontrados sugieren que hacer el ETR puede reforzar algunos estereotipos en relación a los aspectos negativos del examen, pero no anula los aspectos positivos. Se debe tener en cuenta la relación paciente-profesional, así como la conducción del profesional durante la realización del ETR, ya que las barreras pueden estar siendo reforzadas en esa situación. En fin, se apunta a la necesidad de trabajar la temática de la búsqueda por el ETR no solo con la población objetivo, sino también con los profesionales de salud


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Digital Rectal Examination
13.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 10(1): 145-152, jan.-mar. 2018.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-908436

ABSTRACT

Objective: to analyze the social representations of community health workers about prostate cancer. Method: This is a field research, qualitative and exploratory approach, based on the Social Representation Theory. We used a questionnaire and semi-structured interview and the content analysis technique. Results: Categories about prevention, screening, predisposition and medical assistance of prostate cancer were summarized. The prevention suggests positive dimension knowledge. Conclusion: The representation, however, was strictly biomedical. Participants should recognize themselves as active agents in promotion of health.


Objetivo: este estudio es analizar las representaciones sociales de los trabajadores sanitarios de la comunidad sobre el cáncer de próstata. Método: Campo de búsqueda, enfoque cualitativo y exploratorio, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Se utilizó una técnica de cuestionario, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido, Resultado: que resume las categorías de prevención, detección, la predisposición y la asistencia médica relacionada con el cáncer de próstata. Prevención sugiere un conocimiento positivo dimensión. Conclusión: Sin embargo, hubo una representación estrictamente biomédica. Los participantes deben ser reconocidos como agentes activos en la promoción de la salud.


Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais de agentes comunitários de saúde acerca do câncer de próstata. Métodos: É uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, baseada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Utilizou-se um questionário, uma entrevista semiestruturada e a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Sumarizaram categorias sobre prevenção, rastreamento, predisposição e assistência médica relacionada ao câncer de próstata. A prevenção sugere uma dimensão de conhecimento positiva. Conclusão: Houve, contudo, uma representação estritamente biomédica. Os participantes devem se reconhecer como agentes ativos na promoção da saúde.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Community Health Workers , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Brazil
14.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 21(1): 53-59, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-898814

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with preventive examinations for the screening of prostate cancer in the elderly. Methods: a cross-sectional population-based study of 181 men aged ≥60 years who were residents of a small city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was carried out. The dependent variable was considered to be the performance of preventive prostate cancer tests in the past two years and the independent variables were those related to health and sociodemographic characteristics. To test the association between the outcome and the independent variables, gross and multivariable analysis using Poisson regression was performed, estimating the gross and adjusted prevalence ratios, calculating the confidence intervals of 95%. All variables with p≤0.20 were included in the multiple model. Results: the prevalence of preventive examinations for prostate cancer was 89%. The tests used were the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (85.7%), followed by tests performed in combination: rectal examination and PSA (9.3%), rectal examination, ultrasound and PSA (3.1%), rectal examination and ultrasound (1.3%) and ultrasound and PSA (0.6%). In multivariate analysis, the variables retirement and marital status were the independent factors associated with the carrying out of at least one preventive examination of the prostate. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that being retired increases the likelihood of carrying out preventive examinations and having a partner, being married or cohabiting increases the likelihood of undergoing tests.AU


Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à realização de exames preventivos para o rastreamento do câncer de próstata em idosos. Métodos: É um estudo transversal de base populacional com 181 homens, com idade ≥60 anos, residentes em um município de pequeno porte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Considerou-se como variável dependente a realização de exames preventivos de câncer de próstata nos últimos dois anos e independentes, as relacionadas às condições de saúde e características sociodemográficas. Para testar a associação entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes, foram realizadas as análises brutas e multivariáveis mediante regressão de Poisson, estimando-se as razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas, calculando os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Entraram no modelo múltiplo todas as variáveis com p≤0,20. Resultados: A prevalência de realização de exames preventivos para o câncer de próstata foi de 89%. Os exames mais realizados foram o de Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (85,7%), seguido pelos exames realizados em conjunto: toque retal e PSA (9,3%), toque retal, ultrassonografia e PSA (3,1%), toque retal e ultrassonografia (1,3%) e ultrassonografia e PSA (0,6%). Na análise multivariada, as variáveis aposentadoria e situação conjugal foram fatores independentes associados à realização de ao menos um exame preventivo da próstata. Conclusões: Os achados demonstram que o fato de ser aposentado aumenta a probabilidade de realizar os exames preventivos, bem como ter companheira, ou seja, ser casado ou amasiado aumenta a probabilidade de realizar exames. AU


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Health of the Elderly , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Risk Factors
15.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 44(1): 69-74, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892956

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose We report our experience on metformin use in diabetic patients and its impact on prostate cancer (PCa) after a high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) diagnosis. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 551 patients with a diagnosis of HGPIN without PCa in a first prostate biopsy. The cohort of the study consisted of 456 nondiabetic subjects, and 95 diabetic patients. Among the patients with diabetes 44 were treated with metformin, and 51 with other antidiabetic drugs. A transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy scheme with 22 cores was carried out 4-6 months after the first diagnosis of HGPIN. Results Among 195 (35.4%) patients with cancer, there were statistically significant differences in terms of PCa detection (p<0.001), Gleason score distribution (p<0.001), and number of positive biopsy cores (p<0.002) between metformin users and non-users. Metformin use was associated with a decreased risk of PCa compared with neveruse (p<0.001). Moreover, increasing duration of metformin assumption (≥2 years) was associated with decreasing incidence of PCa and higher Gleason score ≥7 compared with assumption <2 years. Conclusions This preliminary experience suggests that metformin use may have some beneficial effects in patients with diabetes and HGPIN; metformin should not be overlooked in these patients because it is neither new nor expensive.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis , Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/drug therapy , Image-Guided Biopsy , Middle Aged
16.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 64(4): 561-567, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025159

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O câncer de próstata está entre as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis que mais afetam os idosos, sendo a idade um fator relevante para esse agravo. É o segundo tipo de câncer de maior prevalência na população masculina, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. Para tanto, a prevenção e o diagnóstico ficam comprometidos pela baixa procura dos homens ao serviço de saúde. Objetivo: Identificar os obstáculos para a realização do exame de próstata entre os homens. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados da BVS, Lilacs, Medline e BDENF. Foram critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos que retratam as ações públicas direcionadas ao câncer de próstata, indexados na base de dados da BVS, publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa e em espanhol, disponíveis on-line na íntegra. Resultados: Foram encontradas 68 publicações na base de dados Medline, 62 na Lilacs e na BDENF 17, totalizando 147 artigos que poderiam ter relação com o tema da pesquisa. Após leitura dos resumos, desse total, 139 artigos não possuíam relação direta com o estudo, estavam indexados em mais de uma base de dados ou estavam duplicados, totalizando oito artigos publicados para análise. Discussão: Após leitura interpretativa, emergiram três categorias: dificuldades políticas organizacionais para a prevenção do câncer de próstata, dificuldades socioculturais para prevenção do câncer de próstata e estratégias para prevenção desse câncer. Conclusão: É necessário desenvolver a prevenção com mais naturalidade, a partir de informações claras e eficazes pelos meios de comunicação.


Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type among women in the world and in Brazil, it is part of a heterogeneous group of diseases, thus having different signs and behavior. Possible treatments include surgical approaches, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and target therapy. The surgical procedure can lead to several complications and consequences for the patient, so a follow-up process is necessary after this approach, exercises are fundamental to return functionality and quality of life, but there is divergence in the literature regarding the moment of beginning of the execution of the same. Objective: To perform a systematic literature review, present studies and analyze the impact of the release of immediate versus late exercises, after onco-mammary surgeries, without associated plastic intervention. Method: This is a systematic literature review. To perform the same, a search was made in the database of PubMed, PEDro and SciELO databases using the descriptors: rehabilitation, breast neoplasms, prospective period, prospective care, exercise and their respective ones in the Portuguese language, being these, rehabilitation, breast cancer, postoperative period, postoperative care and exercise. Results: For the accomplishment of this study, 48 articles were found, being 12 relevant to the review. Conclusion: The studies are divergent, but a literary update emphasizes immediate postoperative exercises of onco-mammary surgeries can be used without increasing the incidence of complications.


Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el tipo más común entre las mujeres en el mundo y en Brasil, forma parte de un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades, teniendo así signos y comportamiento distintos. Los tratamientos posibles son abordajes quirúrgicos, quimioterapia, radioterapia, endocrinoterapia y terapia objetivo. El procedimiento quirúrgico puede llevar a diversas complicaciones y consecuencias para la paciente, por lo que es necesario un proceso de seguimiento después de este enfoque, ejercicios son fundamentales para devolver funcionalidad y calidad de vida, pero existe divergencia en la literatura en relación al momento de início de la sua ejecución. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura, presentar estudios y analizar el impacto de la liberación de ejercicios inmediatos versus tardíos, después de cirugías onco-mamarias, sin intervención plástica asociada. Método: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática de la literatura. Para la implementación se trataba de una encuesta en la orilla de las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, PEDro y utilizando las siguientes palabras clave: rehabilitación, neoplasias de la mama, del período prospectivo, de cuidado prospectivo, de ejercicio y su en portugués, siendo éstas, la rehabilitación, el cáncer de mama, período postoperatorio, cuidados postoperatorios y ejercicio. Resultados: Para la realización de este estudio se encontraron 48 artículos, siendo 12 relevantes a la revisión. Conclusión: Los estudios se presentan divergentes, pero se observa una actualización literaria que enfatiza que los ejercicios inmediatos en el postoperatorio de cirugías onco-mamarias pueden ser empleados sin traer aumento en la incidencia de complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Men's Health/ethnology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
17.
Summa psicol. UST ; 15(1): 80-89, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1095169

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los factores psicosociales relacionados con el autocuidado orientado a la prevención del cáncer de próstata, su tratamiento y su post-tratamiento, a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. El autocuidado presupone un conjunto de actividades aprendidas y orientadas al cuidado de la salud, en las cuales el individuo desempeña un papel activo y responsable relativo a su vida, su bienestar y su salud. Se ha buscado conocer y comprender aspectos psicológicos y comportamentales de los hombres sobre su salud, en la prevención y en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad (diagnóstico, tratamiento y post-tratamiento) presentados en la literatura sobre el cáncer de próstata. Para finalizar, se ha realizado una reflexión sobre la importancia del conocimiento del cáncer de próstata en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad, debido al impacto de esta condición en el público masculino, fundamentalmente, por los problemas relacionados con la vida sexual. Así mismo, se han relevado las intervenciones psicosociales y educativas realizadas por los profesionales de la salud, principalmente psicólogos, para auxiliar en el desarrollo de nuevos estándares de comportamiento y actitudes relacionadas al autocuidado.


This article aimed to discuss the psychosocial factors related to self-care focused on prostate cancer prevention, its treatment and post-treatment, by means of an integrative literature review. Self-care entails a set of activities learnt and oriented towards health care, where individuals play an active and responsible role in their life, well-being and health. This article sought to know and understand men's psychological and behavioral aspects about their health, during the prevention and different phases of the disease (diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment) presented in literature about prostate cancer. Finally, there was a reflection on the importance of knowledge about prostate cancer during the different stages of the disease due to the impact of this condition among men, especially in their sexual life. Furthermore, psychosocial and educational interventions performed by health professionals, mainly psychologists, emerged as means to assist in the development of new behavioral patterns and attitudes related to self-care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Self Care , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Quality of Life , Men's Health
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(12): 1584-1590, dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845489

ABSTRACT

Finasteride is a 5-α reductase inhibitor that is widely used in the management of benign prostate hyperplasia and male pattern hair loss. It is well known that these agents improve the quality of life in men suffering from these conditions. However, they are associated with some transient and even permanent adverse effects. The aim of this article is to clarify the controversies about the safety of finasteride by analyzing the evidence available in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Finasteride/adverse effects , 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Prostatic Hyperplasia/drug therapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Finasteride/therapeutic use , Alopecia/drug therapy , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Erectile Dysfunction/chemically induced
20.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(6): 1069-1080, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828930

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The use of PSA in the screening, detection and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder with an increase in detection rates and PCa organ-confined. Despite these benefits and ease of implementation, tracking PCa remains a matter of great controversy. We conducted a literature review and demographic and epidemiological data in Brazil feeling to assess the current state of screening and whether there is justification for population programs. the differences are valued between developed and underdeveloped countries as the incidence, mortality, screening and access to health. an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of screening is made as well as a critical analysis of existing studies on screening and some recommendations on a rational screening.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Mass Screening , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Brazil , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Early Detection of Cancer , Neoplasm Grading
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